Private Equity in Southeast Asia Region Essay Example

Private Equity in Southeast Asia Region Essay As many investors and finance people know, the United States has been the biggest laying field for PEE firms since 1980 as it is a developed market with mature structure and clear regulations. However, due to competition and limited resources in the United States, investors and PEE firms have a growing need for a new market to grow and expand their business. One of these new, emerging markets for PEE is the Southeast Asia region. This Southeast Asia region is characteristic of developing countries that are rich with natural resources. Most of the countries in this region of Southeast Asia have a lot in common including; they are developing countries, they re rich with natural resources and they all have a big market in terms of population. One of the exceptions in this region is Singapore as it is considered a developed country, especially in the finance sector. Southeast Asia is very lucrative in the sense that it offers a lot of opportunities for investors, including PEE investors and firms, however, in order to realize the revenues and returns of these opportunities these firms would need more knowledge on how to deal with the challenges in this new emerging market. Private Equity in Southeast Asia The emergence of Private Equity (PEE) markets outside the United States and Europe as significantly broadened the scope of portfolio diversification. We will write a custom essay sample on Private Equity in Southeast Asia Region specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Private Equity in Southeast Asia Region specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Private Equity in Southeast Asia Region specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also, due to the growing importance of PEE in nontraditional markets, the need for investors to broaden their knowledge has increased significantly as knowledge is the key in regards to international investing as a whole. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide relevant information about PEE market in the Southeast Asia as well as provide recommendations on how to deal with the challenges. Market Typology With the exception of Singapore, most companies in the Southeast Asia region are developing countries and are therefore referred to as an emerging market. Table 1 describes the market typology of PEE market based on four market types. Table 1 Market Typology Mature Markets Non-traditional markets in advance economies Emerging markets Frontier markets Economic structure Sophisticated Sophisticated Relatively developed Early stage of economic/financial development Economic stability High High Track record is being establish Track record still short Size of the economy and growth Large/high level of prosperity Varies Varies with high growth prospect Small size, lower level growth Debt markets Highly liquid Liquid Emerging Still embryonic Exit markets Developed public equity markets with high market capitalization Developed public equity markets with significant market capitalization Relatively developed public equity markets with sufficient market capitalization Underdeveloped Global PEE firms Investing Investing Investing Very limited, if any investment Domestic PEE industry Developed Emerging Emerging Rudimentary PEE exits Considerable history Track record being established Visible exits already occurred Very limited Key markets United States, ELI-1 5, Switzerland Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore Brazil, China, India, Russia, South Korea, Slovenia, South Africa, Southeast Asia countries: Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines Bulgaria, Colombia, Pakistan, Astrakhan, Tunisia, Ukraine Source: Cornelius (2011). The term emerging markets has been widely adopted by international investors to refer to all developing countries. Specifically, Emerging PEE markets refers to those where an indigenous PEE industry is already developing and visible exits have begun to attract a growing amount of interest among international investors. Southeast Asian Private Equity market In general, PEE investment is growing in Asia entirely. According to Perrine, PEE funds share of investments in Asia has grown from a mere 2. 6% in 2006 to 10. 6% in 2012, due to PEE funds investing a total of SIS$27. 8 billion in Asia (Figure 1). Although some of this increase in share can be attributed to the decline in PEE investment in North America and Europe as a result of the financial crisis, the PEE investment in Asia continued to grow at an average annual rate of 8% from 2006 through 2012. In fact, trends show that Asia was the only region in which PEE investment grew over this timeshare. Figure 1 Global PEE Investments by Region (Left) and Trend in Asia for P Deals Source: Pretentiousness Asia has continued to become increasingly attractive as a P destination over the years. According to an investor survey conducted by Ernst Young that involved both general and limited partners, 36% of the respondents believe that PEE investment in Southeast Asia will in fact increase. The survey results from 2012 to 2014 (figure 2) shows an increase in PEE investors confidence level AIBO Southeast Asia Market in comparison to China. Figure 2 PEE Investors Survey: Which geography will see the most PEE activity in the next 12 months? Source: Ernst Young Based on Perrine data, the Southeast Asian PEE Investment reached the highest peak I terms of both investment value and number of deals in 2007, right before the financial crisis. There was a slowdown during the crisis but the markets start to bounce back in 2012. Figure 3 below shows the PEE Investments in major Southeast Asian countries. In Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, the PEE Investments started to increase in 2012 after the financial crisis. While the PEE Investments in Singapore, Vietnam, and Philippines in 2012 started to recover after the crisis. Figure 3 PEE Investments in Southeast Asia Countries Source: Predisposed on Boston Consulting Groups (BCC) report, from 2005 through 2010, Southeast Asia accounted for about 18 percent, by value, of PEE deals in Asia. In 2010, the value of the regions deals was about one-fourth of Chinas and 30% of Indians. Deal sizes and volumes vary significantly by country: Singapore has historically led in the number and size of deals, while Thailand and Vietnam have small and relatively underdeveloped PEE markets and have therefore lagged. Indonesia is extremely active indeed, the largest PIP in the history of the Indonesian stock market was a private-to-public deal. On the other hand, trend shows that Malaysia has delivered mix results. Overall, with a host of new players entering the region, Southeast Saiss share of Saiss deal pool looks set to continue to increase. The growing interest from investors and the recovery of PEE markets in Southeast Asia from the crisis is as a result of several growth-driving factors including: Macroeconomics growth According to Pain Company data, the total GAP in Southeast Asia in 2011 was SIS$2 trillion, accounting for 4. 2 percent of the world total GAP and is expected to row at 4. To 7. 9 percent compound annual growth rate from 2011 to 2016. Natural resources The Southeast Asia region has lots of natural resources such as oil and gas, mineral, marine resources, fertile-land for plantations, palm oil, agro commodities, and many more. These natural resources can stimulate growth opportunities for companies who operate in the region that will lead to signifi cant returns in their investments. Demographic Southeast Asia was home to a mostly young and dynamic population of nearly 600 million in 2011 and this population is projected to grow at 10. Percent compound annual growth rate from 2011 through 2016. With this type of demographic, Southeast Asia offers a big market for consumption especially in its lower to middle class population. In addition to creating a large consumer market, Southeast Asia demographic also provides human resources for companies to support their business in this region with relatively lower costs compared to other regions or countries. Economic Liberalizing Economic reform has spread across the region with democracy in politics and law enforcement significantly improving. Restrictions on foreign investments and winnowers have been relaxed, and some governments are actively developing the PEE sector. At the same time, the connection between countries in Southeast Asia is strengthening to create rationalization and intraregional trades. Capital market Another driving factor is that the capital markets in Southeast Asia are generally underdeveloped and predominantly revolve around indirect finances. In other words, access to traditional capital markets is generally difficult however not for large companies and therefore PEE funds will emerge as a source of growth capital for rowing companies in need of financing. China and India Slowing Economic Growth This is an external factor that creates opportunity for Southeast Asia to grow the PEE markets. Many investors shift their focus to Southeast Asia due to economic slowdown in the two biggest markets in Asia, China and India. Besides economic slowdown, PEE firms reportedly encountered challenges in these two countries. The main challenge in both countries is difficulty exiting investment or selling the portfolio companies. Ipso in China and India are currently inhibited by the regulatory body and market environments. Beside PIP, the strategic selling also faces a problem because of the difficulty of negotiating attractive sales price with potential buyers, particularly in India in the wake of economic slowdown and currency depreciation. All the opportunities and driving factors create optimism for the investors including PEE investors. Result from a Joint survey conducted by Pain Company and the Singapore Venture Capital PEE Association (SVGA), showed clear signs of optimism about the regions prospects, which could have marked 2012 as the start of Southeast Saiss time to shine. Respondents looked for deal activity to increase substantially, especially in consumer, healthcare, and energy sectors. PEE firms that are active in the region reported that they would boost their investments in Southeast Asia, with some 40% of respondents planning to invest more than SIS$1 50 million in 2012, compared with Just 20% in 2011 (see figure 4). Figure 4 Survey Result Growing Optimism for PEE Markets in Southeast Asia One of the negative effects coming from those opportunities is the growing competition for PEE investments deals. Such competition has led to concerns about oaring valuations that make most of the acquisition prices in Southeast Asia rise since 2012. The main cause of this problem is the limited number of good portfolio companies. Most of the PEE firms focused their deals on consumer-related sectors such as food, beverages, healthcare, media and telecommunication, and energy. It is understandable since these sectors are the one that have the best growth and return opportunity due to consumer market growth (huge and young population) in Southeast Asia. Moreover, Southeast Asian countries still possess some classical robbers that can be considered as the major risks for PEE firms to invest in Southeast Asia. These risks include: Economic risk Economic conditions in most countries in South Asia, including Singapore are facing some macroeconomic risks, such as inflation, currency exchange fluctuation, and the dependency of foreign investment. All these risks can cause instability to the economic condition. According to Cornelius (201 1), between the time span of 1993 and 1999, many PEE firms failed to meet investors return expectation due to the currency exchange rate changes. Inflation is another big problem in Southeast Asia, inflation can suddenly spike because of the sharply higher commodity prices thus leading to a considerable increase in the general price level. According to Cornelius, in emerging markets, including Southeast Asia, average consumer inflation surged to 9. 2 percent in 2008 from 5. 6 percent in 2006. The inflation rates can have a big impact on real investment returns. Political risk Political instability has been identical with the Southeast Asia region for decades. Political instability causes investment uncertainty and could potentially result in a monumentally different investment regime. Governments in Southeast Asian countries still have a big role in business and economics. They control the business by imposing several regulations that can change from time to time creating uncertainty in business. Moreover, every time there is a change of government, the policy will be changed and can sometimes harm the investments that have already been made. Unanticipated changes in regulations have substantial return implications through their impact on production costs, market prices, and the repatriations of profits. Governance risk Except for Singapore, all the countries in Southeast Asia hold governance problem, especially corruption and law enforcement. Law enforcement is very important for investors in relation with the protection of investors rights in case of disputes. There is an absence of well-functioning and predictable legal institutions in most countries that can give a negative effect for business and legal assurance. Of all the risks we consider in this section, corruption perhaps the most evil one. Corruption has many dimensions, including tax bribery, procurement bribery, and Judiciary bribery. Corruption has flourished in previous years within the Southeast Asia region due to complex bureaucratic regimes. This risk can severely distort policy dimensions in all areas imposing huge macroeconomic costs. Conclusion and Recommendation 2014 will continue to be a competitive year for PEE investors in Southeast Asia. Pain ; Company stresses that with more PEE firms turning their focus to the region and cash rich corporate on the prowl for acquisitions, valuations in 2014 are expected to remain at lofty levels. Respondents polled by the research outfit pointed o a scarcity of high quality target companies as one of the most pressing challenges. Macroeconomics volatility, political instability, and corporate governance are still the major threats in Southeast Asia. But with all the opportunities going forward, Southeast Asia will become the deal making hotshots, drawing an influx of PEE firms from the United States and Europe. However to get all the benefits that Southeast Asia offered and to get the best investment returns, PEE firms should be able to overcome the risks and challenges that exist in the region. Some of the strategies and commendations are: Choose a focused Model An investing model focused on a specific industry sector or on Just one or two countries will maximize the chances of sourcing and converting the right deals. For example, targeting consumer sectors, since this sector offers a robust growth due to increases in middle-class populations and growing consumption. The biggest beneficiary country of consumption growth driven by growth in the middle class is Indonesia, the most populous country in Southeast Asia, with a population of over 240 million. Enhanced due diligence and deal-execution process Allow plenty of time for due diligence process, especially when creating market scenarios and mapping industry structures and value chains. PEE firms that excel in converting more acquisitions into winners and avoiding losers use probing due diligence process to dig deeper into a potential targets operations before they commit to an investment. Superior due diligence is very critical in Southeast Asia where information often less transparent and reliable sources of date are hard to find. A good due diligence can also reduce the negative effect from uncertainty in economic and political condition. Proprietary sourcing and smart partnership To find the best companies quickly and avoid overpaying, fund managers need to forge alliances and have people on the ground that can spot opportunities before competitors do. To be able to do that, PEE firms should reinforce local connections and consider partnerships with conglomerates or family groups seeking to institutionalize their investment capabilities. Other potential partners include local PEE funds as well as local banks, government-linked organizations, and state-owned wealth funds. They can facilitate access and help build up a steady deal flow. PEE firms should consider

Feudal Europe essays

Feudal Europe essays The feudal system first appeared in Europe as a solution to the fall of strong, centralized empires. From feudalism sprang the political arrangement of self-sufficient towns known as the manorial system. The rise of feudalism in areas formerly dominated by Romans resulted in the breakdown of central government; but in regions undeveloped by Rome the feudal system was a further step toward organization and centralization. Feudalism spread from France to Spain, Italy, Germany and Eastern Europe. The important features of feudalism were similar throughout Europe during the middle ages, but definite national differences existed. Feudalism continued in all parts of Europe until the end of the fourteenth century and the renaissance period. Many characteristics were common to all feudal societies: strict division of social classes, (nobility, church officials, peasants, and serfs) and the land holding system dependent on the obligation owed to the land granter. In feudal society the ownership of all land was vested in the king. Beneath him was a hierarchy of nobles; the most important nobles held land directly from the king, lesser nobles held land from them, finally down to the lord who held a single manor. Document five describes daily life for feudal peasants and their obligations to the lord through service. A man served a lord through ploughing the fields while his wife paid dues in eggs and cloth. The political economy of the system was local and agricultural, and its base was the manorial system. The feudal method of holding land was by fief. The grantor of the fief was the lord, and the recipient was the vassal. The fief was formally gained by a ceremony and contract. The feudal system rested on the unsettled conditions of the middle ages and thus on the need of the lord for armed warriors and vassal for protection. Since equipping fighters was expensive, the lord could not create his armed force without the obligation of the vass...

4 ways your job can impact your health

4 ways your job can impact your health It’s one thing to dislike your job, but it’s another if it’s making you sick. If you’ve been feeling physically and mentally worn down lately and can’t seem to shake it, maybe it’s time to take a hard look at your work life to see if it’s the cause of your health issues. Of course you have to go to work, but recognizing where problems exist and making even small changes can start to put you on the road to wellness. Are you sedentary all day?According to a study done by the American Heart Association (AHA), even if you fit exercise into your life, sitting all day every day can negate the health benefits you’ve gained. The solution? Move even more- as much as you can. Make sure to get up and walk around every hour or so. Walk to the kitchen for water once an hour. Take an office lap every other hour. Get up and get your blood flowing whenever possible.Does your commute stress you out?If you’re spending a ton of time getting to and from work, it’s likely taking a toll on your life attitude. One study done in the United Kingdom earlier this year found people with long commutes are more likely to suffer from depression and work-related stress. If your commute is longer than 10 miles by car or 30 minutes by bus or subway, then it might be negatively impacting your life. You can’t help where your office is located, but do everything you can to make the travel time as restful and enjoyable as possible: try downloading a fun podcast or listening to music that will start your day off right.Are you way overworked?If all your waking hours are spent thinking about work or being at work, you’re likely neglecting all other aspects of your life. In fact, according to a recent study, if you work more than 39 hours a week, your mental and physical health will start to decline. Even if you’re on your couch in pajamas, if you’re logged in and constantly monitoring your work emails the n you’re not getting proper rest. Dedicated time to focus on yourself, your friends, and your family is crucial to maintaining balance- at some point, you need to be able to shut things off and not be at work.Are you surrounded  by germs? (You are.)Did you know that your keyboard, mouse, mousepad, and even I.D. badge are all germ factories? Scary but true: your keyboard in 20,000 times dirtier than a toilet seat. And then there are all the hands you shake and doorknobs or faucets you turn in the course of a day. You’re in an enclosed space with tens or hundreds of people every day- start carrying around that hand sanitizer. And if your office is open plan? It might encourage more collaboration, but it also encourages sharing whatever bug is going around. You might find you’re getting sick more and more often, just by coming to work. Take your vitamins, keep your space clean, and get fresh air when you can throughout the day.Notice a theme here? If you take mom ents out of your day to make sure you are taking care of yourself, your overall health will start to improve.

Justification and Excuses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Justification and Excuses - Essay Example In his defense, Sandusky’s lawyers have put forth the unlikely and implausible excuse that he is suffering from a histrionic personality disorder, a condition since removed from the DSM-IV-TR itself. It has been described as "a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking" that is "often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive conduct. His lawyers tried to use this condition as an excuse for their client’s behavior and to justify his actions. This justification is part of a defense based on circumstances and excuses, a broad set of defenses in which defendants claim a lack of responsibility for their criminal acts. (Lippman, 2010). Jerry Sandusky has been accused of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, indecent assault, criminal intent to commit improper assault, unlawful contact with minors, corruption of minors and endangering the welfare of children. However Dr. Glen Gabbard, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, and an expert on personality disorders states that histrionic personality disorder could in no way be seen as a reason or explanation for the abuse of children. "That diagnosis, if he has it, would be completely irrelevant to anything having to do with criminal responsibility for acts of pedophilia†. Mr. Sandusky had no excuse or justification for his action, for the crime he committed he knew very well what he was doing to those boys, over a period of 15 years and he knew the consequences of his actions; and he used his respectable position in society to sexually abuse those kids. He deserves to be sentenced for life and is only plea bargaining because at his age settling for 12-15 years may give him some chance of living some of his life out of jail rather than dying in it. I personally think that this kind of defense does not stand a chance and should be thrown out of court. Pleas for insanity or other mental conditions are not appealing to jurors because it is

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

International business - Essay Example There is need for increased globalization since there are many benefits associated with it that ought to be fully utilized for common good of all nations in the world. Thus, the problem is that there is no much globalization for countries to effectively utilize these advantages that accrue to it. As countries, continue to interact and integrate their economies, the dividing walls of hostility that separate trade between countries are broken. This results to free trade where goods and services are exchanged freely across the borders of countries involved with minimal restrictions from the relevant authorities and agencies. Free trade necessitates countries to specialize in the production of only the goods and services, which they have a comparative advantage over the other nation probably because of better resource endowment or other factors that make them to be best suited. Specialization leads to production of goods of high quality since most of the resources are channelled towards production of a specific good and repeated production of the same product is likely to lead to improved quality. Specialization is also associated with incurring of less cost of production which is translated to the final price presented to consumers hence it makes products to be cheaper. Globalization results to movement of labourers from one nation to another without incurring heavy costs that are normally associated with migration and without spending a lot of time (United Nations & Ocampo, 2002 p. 73). Free movement of workers is beneficial to workers since it provides employment opportunities that are not available in the home country hence making them to be economically stable. The workers in turn contribute to economic growths of their home countries when they repatriate back their savings in form of investments and other income generating ventures. The host countries benefit from the services of the foreign workers which are not locally available

Good Communication Skills Are Essential for Teachers Essay Example for Free

Good Communication Skills Are Essential for Teachers Essay There are many Primary School teachers that work in our society, teaching children different subjects and skills whilst at school. These subjects consist of Maths, English, art, PE and History. The curriculum set by the board of education is essential so children can learn to read and write amongst other skills learnt so they may be able to as adults live and function productively in society. For students to learn these skills efficiently Early Primary school teachers need to have good communication skills. The four key areas that good communication is imperative is teaching students, interacting with parents, consulting with staff and behaviour management. Early Primary school Teachers need great communication skills to be able to teach children so they can learn to the best of their ability. Teachers will be teaching children who are in different levels of development and abilities. They need good communication skills verbally and physically to cater for the different capacities that children learn at, and cater their teaching styles to them. Teachers have goals and objectives they aim to achieve whilst teaching children in primary school. They need to be able to differentiate their teaching style whilst teaching a subject or activity the class is doing to cater for the different learning abilities. This needs to be communicated to the students in a simple , clear format both written and verbal . This enables students who have low attainment levels

Why I Must Study Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon :: Admissions Essays

Why I Must Study Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon A University should be a place of delight, of liberty, and of learning," remarked Benjamin Disraeli, an English author, as if he had Carnegie Mellon in mind as he placed his thoughts in writing. How could the Institute of Technology help me achieve intellectual independence and assist me in pursuing a life of ideas? Being one of the finest establishments in the world, Carnegie Institute of Technology would allow me to fulfill my perfectionist ideals; I would be able to compete with the best and the brightest. Moreover, the non-academic life within a dynamic campus with a strong sense of community would enhance the challenging courses that the university has to offer. It is not simple to find a distinctive institution with incredible resources as well as personal attention. With a small faculty-to-student ratio in all classes, I could truly have significant interaction with the professors while simultaneously retaining the knowledge I'd be acquiring. The hands-on experience with up-to -date equipment would be like a dream come true as I'd encompass myself with ubiquitous, influential technology which is taken for granted by the common person. Taking advantage of the broad spectrum of undergraduate programs, I would improve my ability to think quantitatively, solve complicated problems, and apply my knowledge to the real world. There are there kinds of students: one who has the brain for math and sciences; one who is able to think analytically about pieces of literature and historical documents; and finally, one who understands all. I fall into the first type. Therefore, I have always been interested in the field of engineering, for it embodies my favorite subjects. As my physics professor talks of electromagnetic and electric fields between all protons and elections, my mind beams with pleasure, for the new information is of such fascination to it. As my calculus teacher frantically writes the equations of integrals on the board, I jot down the notes with a clear understanding of what the signs stand for and the logic behind them. Then at home, I happily turn on my computer and ponder the genius of artificial intelligence. There is no way I am going to leave these beloved fields of study behind—therefore, Electrical and Computer Engineering would be perfect for me. Engineering is a major that is exp ected to continue experiencing growth, especially strong in areas emphasizing technology.

Gender Roles in Cinderella Essay

Throughout history, fairy tales have captivated the hearts and minds of fans and critics alike. While fans applaud the underlying morals of fairy tales, critics point out the negative effects these tales have in the socialization of children. Modern adaptations of fairy tales, as well as original versions, all place negative gender expectations on women. Providing cultural and socio-historical information, fairy tales have helped to perpetuate stereotypical thoughts on the â€Å"ideal virtues† of women. Natural beauty, obedience to the husband, and dedication to the maintenance of the home are all standards for women modeled throughout different versions and adaptations of fairy tales. Cinderella, one of the most popular fairy tales with countless versions, reflects gender expectations on women in vastly different societies and settings. It’s storyline revolves around the idea that women are beautiful, vulnerable, passive, and obedient. Furthermore, Cinderella provides another example in fairy tales where the heroine of the story must be â€Å"rescued† by a man of princely ways and helped by the forces of nature. Using examples from Cinderella, it is evident that women’s portrayals in fairy tales have placed gender expectations on the ideals and characteristics of heroines throughout history. In numerous versions, Cinderella essentially keeps the same form, differing only in small details like the harshness of the stepsisters and their punishments. In all versions, the tale begins by relating the initial situation. The first introduction is that of the heroine, Cinderella. She is beautiful, kind, obedient, and passive. The death of her mother is revealed, and the ugly and evil stepmother and stepsisters are brought in. Now the mistreatment of the heroine is shown as Cinderella is forced to live in poor conditions while the others have a luxurious life.

Luxury Fashion Brand Essay

To be successful in India, it is both necessary to gauge the financial potential as well as the mindset of the Indian luxury consumer. This will help in bringing forth the right product offerings to the Indian consumer as well as targeting them better. There are conventional foundations for ensuring success of a brand and they are listed below in brief: * The brand must be â€Å"expansive† – Which means it should be full of innovation opportunities for the marketer and in terms of satisfying the different needs of the luxury consumer. * The brand must tell a story – One of the best ways for an organization to compete and distinguish yourself from the rest of the pack is to tell your brand story. The story should be so powerful that it should make customer act as the way you want. * The brand must be relevant to the consumers’ needs – Depending upon the mindset of the luxury class, it is necessary for a brand to satisfy those needs, whether they be for recognition or functional use etc. * The brand must align with consumers’ values – A brand that does not concur with the basic values of a consumer’s society has a small chance of succeeding because luxury items are identification for a luxury consumer. This makes it difficult for the consumer to adopt the brand in such cases. * The brand must perform – Irrespective of which category the brand belongs to, a performance assurance is a must for the brand. Based on the inputs given above as well as an understanding of the decision making process of the luxury consumer, we recommend the following paths for luxury marketers based on what Indian consumers really desire from their luxury brands, i. e. product brand, dealer/store brand and price/value relationship : (The price / value relationship has been accorded less focus since the Indian Consumer is at a phase when cost of luxury is secondary to its appeal / benefits) 1. Brand Me Affluent! – It is essential for marketers to ensure that the recognition value of their brands is always high so that it lends a sense of affluence to the consumer, which can only come if others around him / her perceive the brand to be a top-notch luxury brand. This can come from either being aligned with the most successful celebrities or being a part of elite events and promotions. 2. Nothing but the Best – This is a golden opportunity for the marketer to earn greater margins by adding customized value to his line of luxury goods. These added-value customized goods will ensure that the customer feels he has something more than just the ordinary range of luxury goods available. 3. Luxury is having the world at my fingertips – First! – A luxury marketer will not only have to be faster than his competitors in reaching out to the consumer, to gain a share of wallet but also continuously offer innovative products that serve to differentiate between the consumers. 4. â€Å"Ethnic Chic† – The Fusion of Local & Global goods – This point is connected to the strategy of a product being in line with the consumers’ values for it to be adopted. Apart from this, in the Indian context, ethnicity is also a fashion statement in many product categories. 5. You Think I’m Demanding? Next! – The marketer’s job should be a constant endeavor to offer newer luxury goods to the consumer, in sync with their needs. In addition to that, marketers will need to make sure that each and every single consumer has to be treated with a high-level of personalized attention, given the nature of the product and the consumer. Even minor Shortfalls in this case will have the consumer shifting their brand preferences to those marketers who can satisfy their needs better. 6. CANNIBALIZATION OF BRANDS – It thus becomes essential to ensure that successful celebrities are partnered with at the right time, thereby both eliminating chances of Competition as well as delivering the right aspirational / appeal message to the intended audience. Conclusion The starting point for identifying successful luxury brand strategies in India has been established by identifying certain salient aspects of luxury brands that remain constant as well as identifying the stage of mindset of the Indian consumer towards these brands. The focus is now towards ‘how soon’ luxury brands will enter the market to gain a first mover advantage, which is of significant importance in India. Apart from how soon, we primarily focus on ‘how will’ luxury brands cater to the mainly aspirational needs of the Indian consumer. A word of caution that goes for luxury marketers, irrespective of their brands and Geographical presence – The luxury consumer is always looking for newer ways to Satisfy his continuously changing needs. Hence, the need to keep a close tab through insightful research is of prime importance. As far as India is concerned, given the rapidly accelerating affluence of the Masses, the scenario is set to witness a boom. The ones who will be riding the Wave will be the ones who’ve kept their ears open to each and every word of their Each and every customer. After all, in the luxury business, no marketer can afford the luxury of treating its consumers as a loosely bunched segment.

acid rain1 essays

acid rain1 essays Acid rain is rain that is more acidic than normal. Acid rain is a complicated problem. Primarily caused by air pollution, acid rain's spread and damage involves weather, chemistry, soil, and the life cycles of plants and animals on the land and in lakes and streams. This form of air pollution is currently a subject of great controversy because of its worldwide environmental damages. For the last ten years, this problem has brought destruction to thousands of lakes and streams in the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. Power plants and factories burn coal and oil. Power plants use that coal and oil to produce the electricity for our homes and to run our electric appliances. We also burn natural gas, coal, and oil to heat our homes. The smoke and fumes from burning fossil fuels rise into the atmosphere and combine with the moisture in the air to form acid rain. The main chemicals in air pollution that creates acid rain are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Acid rain usually forms high in the clouds where sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water, oxygen, and oxidants. This forms a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Sunlight increases the rate of most of these reactions. Rainwater, snow, fog, and other forms of precipitation containing those mild solutions of sulfuric and nitric acids fall to the earth as acid rain. Water moves through every living plant and animal, streams, lakes, and oceans in the hydrologic cycle. In that cycle, water evaporates from the land and sea into the atmosphere. Water in the atmosphere then condenses to form clouds. Clouds release the water back to the earth as rain, snow, or fog. When water droplets fall to the earth they pick up particles and chemicals that float in the air. Even clean, unpolluted air has some particles such as dust or pollen...

How Reading Comic Books Improved My Writing

How Reading Comic Books Improved My Writing How Reading Comic Books Improved My Writing Dr. Franklin Warsh is an Investigating Coroner and retired family doctor who lives  in London, Ontario. While writing his first full-length book, The Flame Broiled Doctor (a memoir of his experiences working in the health care system), Frank Warsh realized that his many years of reading comic books had not just been an enjoyable pastime, but a lesson in writing. Read on to learn more about the storytelling tips comic books provided him - including stories within stories, and archetype inspiration.Nowadays, comic books are a perfectly respected, even revered form of art. And at three to five bucks a pop, they’re clearly no longer just a product for children. But even the cheap newsprint comic books I read voraciously in the 1980s weren’t as silly a past-time as my elders would have had me believe. Depending on what kind of writer you’re striving to be, you owe it to yourself to give comic books another go-around. While writing my recently published memoir, The Flame Broiled Doctor, I drew upon the following comic book storytelling tips. My largest writing block isn’t a lack of ideas, or a lack of skill, but a lack of motivation. Even my own memoir, full of funny and intensely personal stories I’ve been collecting for nearly twenty years, was a chore to write at times. If I’m not in the mood to write, I’m probably not going to feel like reading something meaty either. We all need an escape, but when the kids are asleep and people have been barking at me all day, the last thing I want is the noise of the TV. Give me ten minutes with Deadpool or Suicide Squad or Unbeatable Squirrel Girl, and the creative juices are churning once more.There are a myriad of reasons I read comic books even to this day that have made me a better writer, beyond those I’ve described. One of the great tools in your kit as a humorist is over-writing. Poking fun at your characters with liberal dashes of purple prose works as well in the pages of Deadpool as it did in Cervantes’  Don Quixote. Writing a s an over-the-top narrator can get your reader in the mood for a joyride, like an episode of the campy 60s Batman  TV show - that’s now in circulation as a comic book. Have a terrific villain in your novel, but can’t quite get their villain speech right? Give comics a try†¦ Cersei Lannister and Iago have nothing on  Lex Luthor from Superman or Dr. Doom from Fantastic Four. Head to a library or local shop to give comic books a second look. They’re a great escape from the daily news, and you’re sure to find something to help your writing as well.The Flame Broiled Doctor is available on Amazon in paperback and Kindle! Find out more on Frank's website.Are you a comic book reader? What nuggets of writing wisdom have you discovered through reading comics?  Leave your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Frank  in the comments below.

Implications to Operations for Chryslers' Introduction of the Fiat Essay

Implications to Operations for Chryslers' Introduction of the Fiat - Essay Example Chrysler’s plants immediately began working on the new Italian models as part of the deal, and the United States treasury loaned the organization 4.7 billion dollars to begin the project. The Canadian government was also included in the contract and controls 10% of the company. Asa result, Fiat was owned up to 35% of its production, and the United Autoworkers Union owned 55%. The introduction of the Fiat 500 into the United States market was not expected to move adequate units and make a considerable effect on the 1.57 million-unit aim. The Fiat label will have its activities carried out in its individual amenities, making its novel subcompact make additional foot travel to contracts. Another implication of the merger on the operations of Chrysler is the introduction of improved models and the come back of the Fiat label in the United States, on top of new merger brands. The company plots on using up 68% more expenses on promotion and marketing the financial year. This develop ment was evident when Chrysler spent millions of dollars to come up with the longest commercial in Super-bowl history (Bennett, 2011). The renewal of Chrysler provides Fiat with a cushion for Italy’s decline and poor reputation caused by its chief executive. Marchionne's revitalization of the corporation has intensified the company’s anguish in the European markets (Bennett, 2011). In the United States, the dominating development and management assets of Chrysler group have left Fiat with old models. The position has made Italy’s biggest car producer become in need of traditionally unpredictable Chrysler profits. Chrysler might also have to report profits made prior to interest, duties and occasional items worth 1.18 billion dollars during the second half of 2011. In comparison with 629 million dollars from Fiat’s long-established activities, earnings from Ferrari and Maserati models were included in accordance with the standard approximations of six comp any analysts. Trading earnings for the United Chrysler group were consistent with Fiat’s findings from June. Such results were expected to arrive at 2.6 billion dollars by the end of the coming year. In 30 April 2009, Chrysler recorded and proclaimed a merger with Fiat, while filing for insolvency. Independently, the proclamation made the Financial Accountings Standards alter the â€Å"mark-to-market† accounting decree to offer commercial banks more discretion in reporting worth of capital. In Brazil alone, the Fiat group automobiles sustained its management status, delivering a sum of 761, 400 passenger cars and light commercial automobiles. These figures and position of the company will stand for a year-on rise of 1.6% of profits. When the market is taken as a whole market, Chrysler group merger with Fiat marketplace is developing 10.6%; FGA accomplished a 22.8% share of the year, which is a negative 1.7% of percentage points in the market share (Bennett, 2011). The revitalization at Chrysler has assisted Marchionne to triumph over financial speculators to his advantage and make a worldwide automobile group rivaling Volkswagen. The shares have decreased by 40% in the past three months. This was recorded as one of the worst performances in the Bloomberg European automobiles guides, behind France’s PSA Peugeot Citroen. The Chrysler group has been managed under three diverse leaders in the past four years,